Othello By William Shakespeare †What is the dramatic significants of the first scene? Essay

Q. What is the dramatic significants of the first scene? A. During his reign as literature king Shakespeare wrote the play Othello. The play is based mainly on the conflict between Italy and Cyprus in the early 1600’s; Shakespeares characters also reflect this troubled time. Act one Scene gives the reader their first glimpse as to what the play might represent. The scene starts in the middle of an argument between Iago and Rodergio somewhere in Venice. They are arguing about Othello marriage to Desdemona (the daughter of Brabantio a important Venetian senator.) Roderigo questions Iago about his lack of knowledge surrounding this event. From the language used we know that Iago has taken money from Rodreigo to keep track on Desdemona as Roderigo is secretly in love with her. Iago has failed by not knowing about Othellos secret wedding to Desdemona. â€Å"That thou, Iago, who hast had my purse as if the strings were thine shouldst know of this.† The fact that this scene begins mid way through an argument is very significant as this would of grabbed an audiences attention in the early 1600’s as there were no microphone and no proper way of showing the audience that the play has begun. In starting this way the play has interested the audience and left them with the question, what is this argument about? Iago is what was known as during the time of Elizabethan theatre a Machiavliel villain. This means the audiences know this character is untrustworthy; he is only really out for himself. Iago wants Power and money. Through out this scene money terminology is used to a great affect. This shows that money and status was very important at this time. â€Å"By debitor and creditor; this counter caster, he, in good time, must be a lieuitenant be,† Iago is a very bitter man he wants to take his own revenge upon Othello even if this means Othello will truly suffer the consequences as he was not given the top job, which he believes he deserves. However Othello gave the job to Michael Cassio who we not yet been introduced too. Iago makes cruel comments about Michael Cassio stating he is all talk and no action on the battlefield this is highly insulting. Iago is also very cruel when talking with Roderigo about Othello he is very racist and patronizing Othellos name is never used throughout this scene he is referred to as â€Å"The Moor.† I believe this to be very rude and pure jealousy on Iagos part. However this does not really matter at this moment as Othello is highly regarded within this society. Within this scene Iago clearly shows he is not someone to be trusted. He is very ironic with that the fact that he shows Roderigo and the audience he is who he is and no one can change that about him. At this point the audience sense the Irony of this particular line. He is admitting he cannot be trusted. â€Å"I am not what I am† Iago decides that one of the ways in which to seek his revenge upon Othello is by telling Brabantio (Desdemonas father) about her secret wedding to Othello. However Iago is very cunning as he talks Roderigo into calling upon Desdemona father and telling him the truth, as obviously he doesn’t want this crime to be traced back to him this plan makes perfect sense. â€Å"Call up her father, Rouse him, make him after his poison his delight.† Brabantio then enters this scene he asks about what is all the noise about as this scene takes place in the middle of the night. Brabantio is obviously worried as Iago calls out and say thieves are at Brabantios this creates a lot of fuss. Iago tells him that someone close is plotting against him (Othello) and that he should be more aware. Iago wants to be seen as a hero. Roderigo then takes the lead, as Iago does not want to get into trouble as he has still got to go back to Othello. Roderigo breaks the news to Brabantio. The language here shows that Roderigo is trying to break this news gently but the truth is he does not care about the consequences. â€Å"The worser welcome, I have charged thee not to haunt about my doors; in honest plainness thou hast heard me say etc Upon malicious bravery dost thou come to start my quiet.† Branbantio cannot believe what he is hearing he is in shock as he regards Othello highly. This clearly shows Othello has a very high status. Roderigo swears it is true and Iago backs this up showing his character to be a liar. Brabantio is forced to believe them making him insanely jealous and totally nieve. Iago then explains that Desdemonas happiness is important to him; once again Iago seems like our unlikely hero. Brabantio decides that he must go and find Othello to confront him. At the end of this Roderigo and Iago are once again left alone this is very significant to the scene as it shows that this scene had begun and ended in a very similar way. Roderigo finally reminds Iago of their deal the only thing they want is revenge on Othello. They strongly believe he deserves it, however as an audience we cannot make this judgement, as we have never met him. The only thing we as an audience can go off if what other characters have said about him. We believe Othello to be noble and brave not cunning and kneiving. Iago finally leaves to go back to Othello. This shows Iago is a plotter by going between these two characters, we do not know where his loyalty lies. Finally Brabantio returns and goes to find Othello he is angry and upset. Roderigo decides to go and find Othello too. This scene ends on a semi tense cliffhanger. This scene leaves the audience wondering what may lie ahead. The dramatic significants within this scene shows dramatic irony mainly focusing on Iago. This villain needs to be stopped, but how? Is the question still to be answered.   

D. Forecast for Next 12-18 months Essay

The world economic outlook is bright. World GDP growth is forecast to average slightly more than 4 percent per annum during 2006-2007. Asia will continue to act as the primary engine of global growth, though activity will also be supported by continued U. S. economic expansion of almost 3 percent annually. China will continue to register robust growth of slightly more than 9 percent per annum, and output will continue to increase rapidly also in India. Japan also appears to be entering a longer phase of stable growth. The positive global environment will be reinforced by the Euro Area, where economic growth is forecast to accelerate in response to a recovery in domestic demand (The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy). The National Institute of Economic and Social Research has recently released a set of forecasts regarding the state of world economy in 2007. Below are listed some of the key points: Global growth will quicken to 5. 1 per cent this year falling back only a bit in 2007 to a still rapid 4. 7 per cent. Inflationary pressures are rising, mainly owing to higher oil prices, but the impact of rising oil prices on inflation and output is now more muted than in the past. Global imbalances remain marked and the dollar may have to fall by a further 30 per cent in order to halve the US current-account deficit. The US economy will grow by over 3 per cent a year in both 2006 and 2007, but inflationary pressures are mounting. The Japanese economic recovery has become self-sustaining and GDP will rise by 3. 1 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 6 per cent in 2007. The Euro Area will expand by around 2 per cent a year in both 2006 and 2007, and consumer price inflation will average about 2. 5 per cent in both years. The NIESR report goes on to elaborate upon the aforementioned points: Advanced countries in the OECD bloc are participating in the upswing but the main reason for the current period of exceptionally strong global growth is the long boom in China. In 2005, China represented 15. 4 per cent of global GDP on a purchasing-power parity basis, up from 3. 4 per cent in 1980. Global inflation is rising in response to higher oil prices, but much less so than in the past. New estimates suggest that a $10 permanent rise in oil prices will add 0. 2 to 0. 4 percentage points to inflation in the United States in the four years to 2009, with a somewhat smaller impact in the Euro Area, and a still smaller effect in the UK. The global upswing continues to be accompanied by major imbalances, notably the scale of the US current account deficit, which widened by 4. 5 percentage points of GDP between 1997 and 2005. Since this deterioration has mainly financed increased consumer spending rather than productive investment, financial markets may conclude that the deficit is not sustainable. It is estimated that the dollar’s value against a basket of currencies needs to fall by a further 30 per cent in order to reduce the current account deficit by 3 percentage points of GDP. The US economy will grow by 3. 6 per cent in 2006 and by 3. 1 per cent in 2007. The economy continues to be driven mainly by consumption, which will increase by 3. 3 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 9 per cent in 2007. Housing investment is slackening but business investment, stimulated by high corporate profits, will buoy growth this year and next. Inflation is picking up and the private consumption deflator will rise by 3. 0 per cent in 2006 and by 3. 3 per cent in 2007. There now appears little doubt that the Japanese recovery from the bleak period of deflation and stagnation has become self-sustaining. The economy grew by 3. 5 per cent in the year to the first quarter of 2006 . Business investment is expanding strongly and consumer spending is expected to grow by 1. 9 per cent a year in 2006 and 2007. Average earnings, which had been falling earlier in the decade, will grow by 0. 8 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 8 per cent in 2007. The outlook for the Euro Area is for higher inflation despite a fairly modest recovery. Consumer prices will rise by 2. 6 per cent in 2006 compared with 2. 2 per cent in 2005. Tighter monetary conditions together with measures in Germany to cut the budget deficit will hold back growth in consumption and GDP in the Euro Area. Consumer spending will also be restrained by sluggish growth in average earnings as the corporate sector manages to retain its increased profitability (Barrell et al, 8-31).

Introduction to accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to accounting - Essay Example Sun pharmaceutical is considered as one of the largest and also fastest growing pharmaceutical company of India. It’s most famous and powerful brands are handled by good marketing executives. Sun Pharmaceutical is the largest drug company of India; it earns revenue of around $4.3 billion. Accounting policies that are laid down require a selection of the accounting standard which is needed to be followed by the company and their application and estimation. Accounting policies affects the goodwill and intangible assets, the benefits provided to its employees, its acquisition. A consolidated Financial Statement is to be prepared and reviewed as they help in reflecting the operating, financing and investing activities of the company and also it helps in assistance of Employee Stock Option Plan for the employees working in the company. The expected return on the investment of the company and other planned asset should be estimated. Accounting policies will provide guidance to Sun P harmaceutical in the acquisition of Ranbaxy. Under the purchase method of the Consolidated Financial Statement it helps in the operation of an acquired business from it’s starting to its completion of acquisition. Fair value is very essential to be determined by the company for estimation of price of the product. Fair value is influenced by the Efficient Market Hypothesis and the intangible assets of the company that is the brand value or the goodwill of the company basically depends on the assumption of the expected future cash flow. The brand value of a product is a long term and it goes along with the company , therefore the brand value of a company is affected by number of factors product life cycle, market share, macroeconomic environment, market share, competitive environment of the countries in which the country is willing to sell the brand(Gary and Curtis 2014). Accountants are more

The Education Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Education Industry - Essay Example 1). They put students in control of their education rather than the faculty, staff, or accrediting bodies, because all or most of their funding comes directly from the students and they are treated with "customer service" instead of having to earn their degrees. According to Zach Stocks (2009, pg. 1), "Consistent readers should be aware of the fact that I see many for-profit education companies as short candidates. Conventional wisdom states that during tough economic times, workers will pursue education programs in order to improve their wage potential, or to develop skill in an area likely to provide them a job." Certainly, no one is saying that a college degree is not valuable. In fact, we are stating quite the opposite. It is just a matter of choosing the wiser path to follow for your own needs: for-profit or nonprofit. It is really up to you. We can prove the worth of a college degree simply by looking at the graph that follows. According to the National Center for Study of the Privatization of Education (2009, pg. 1), "There are two types of for-profit schools. The first kind is a school that operates as a business and attempts to make a profit from its educational operation. The school receives a fee for each student it enrolls. The second kind is an educational management organization (EMO) that contracts with school districts and charter schools to operate public schools. The most important difference between the two types of for-profit schools is that EMOs usually manage schools receiving public funds. Most for-profit schools function as EMOs." For-profit schools are considered controversial. They use business techniques to improve their schools rather than relying on state or federal mandates to improve them. "Therefore, the main concern of management is realizing profits and promoting growth. Proponents of for-profit schools claim business models will benefit students, because financial success depends on providing a quality education. Schools must improve if they are to compete for students. Opponents fear for-profit schools will make students a secondary concern and eliminate beneficial programs that are too expensive or take short-cuts to enhance profitability. The potential

Photography Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Photography Analysis - Essay Example The given picture shows two young children with the one appearing to be older carrying his younger colleague on his shoulders. The image was captured in the kitchen set up because there is a presence of sink, shelves, glasses, and cupboards. Even though the two boys are together, their facial expressions are showing contradicting statement. For example, the older boy is anxious and appears to be in a hurry of accomplishing the malicious action. This is the reason he focused his eyes wide focused on the direction of the door just to keep spying on who might be around. He also seems to be under pressure due to the weight of the boy that he is carrying on his shoulders. On the other hand, the younger boy seems relaxed and unaware of what is going on; he is just innocent as he portrays. However, the two boys seem like they had the intention of getting the toys that might have been hidden in the shelves. Therefore, we can agree with Malcolm, Janet. Diana & Nikon (1980): that The photograp h has been professionally captured with the inclusion of lines to add dynamic impact to the image in terms of mood as well as they direct the image`s observers into a picture. In this photo, the horizontal line is used on the right-hand side of the kitchen building to make the right angle with the shelve. It is used to indicate the sentiment of timelessness and sense of homeostasis. The layers of the horizontal lines present on the in the building wood creates pattern or rhythm making it the focus of attention. In that sense, the line produces peacefulness, a response, tranquility, and calmness. Vertical lines are designed to run up and down. They assist to stimulate feelings of strength, grandeur, dignity, and height. In this image, the two boys are the interpretation of the vertical lines and projecting the mood of stability.

Development of Catholic Church Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Development of Catholic Church - Research Paper Example This paper will discuss the development of the Catholic Church, the church fathers, their opponents, and the theological disputes the church fathers faced. The spreading of Christian religion was more successful in urban areas among people of low social class, aristocratic women and slaves. The first Catholic Church was not well organized, thus; they came up with a structured hierarchy where the Bishop had authority over clergy in his city. By the third century, many things had changed, and the Bishop of Rome solved problems that other Bishops could not solve thus acted as a court of appeal. The doctrine of the Catholic Church was refined by the church fathers. Many years later catholic teachings came to be defined by proto-orthodox teachings. Christians faced persecution due to their refusal to give up their God and worship the gods of the other religions. The non Christians and the authorities felt that Christians were threatening their peace and the prosperity of the Roman Empire, by annoying the gods. Christians faced accusation of incest and cannibalism due to their secrecy in their religious practice. Any unusual occurrence in the empire was blamed on the Christians claiming that the gods were angry, and this led to the persecution of more Christians in the Roman Empire. All residents, except the Jews, had to give sacrifices to the gods or risk being persecuted. However, all these events took a turn when Constantine became emperor of the Western Roman Empire. He declared that his victory was attributed to Christianity. He came up with a law that mandated the acceptance of all religions in the Empire. After the Western Roman Empire failure, there were competitions between the Catholic Church and Arianism to convert the Barbarian tribes. In the late 15th century explorers and the European missionaries spread Catholicism in America, Asia and Africa. The Catholic Church had Church fathers. Church fathers were early eminent Christian teachers, bishops and infl uential theologians. The church fathers faced a number of theological disputes. For, example, Jesus Christ in the Eucharist was a sign of contradiction to the early church fathers. Some people did not believe that the Eucharist was a representation of the body of Christ or the symbolic memorial of Christ’s death. The cross was also a point of dispute. It is believed that Jesus Christ died for man’s sin, yet the Catholics believe that we should obey God, love others and go through suffering and pain. This is a contradiction since Jesus suffered on the cross for man’s sins. Human embryo is also another contradiction. This was seen as a sign of dispute the church fathers engaged in because it is believed that, the embryo is already a human being and that human beings were created in the God’s likeness (Edward 23). Augustine of Hippo was a bishop of Regius. He believed that Christ’s grace is indispensable to the freedom of human Augustine was converted to Christianity after hearing the story of Placianus. This story inspired him and led to his conversion to Christianity. He gave up his social life and dedicated his life to serving God and practiced priesthood, including celibacy. According to him, his conversion was prompted by a voice he heard that was child like telling him, â€Å"tolle, lege† (â€Å"take up and read†). Augustine considered the fact that people believed the soul originated from God as

Art in south afric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art in south afric - Research Paper Example These include well-decorated traditional cloths, beautiful beads, tablemats, and simple things such as candleholder. Their art is characterized by innovation, which has enabled South Africans to adapt to local, regional, and international markets. Through art, South Africans have managed to enhance their nation’s identity and uniqueness, while creating jobs, producing social cohesion and social capital. In this case, the manner in which figures are curved establishes a cast of eccentric feature. Artists from South Africa in the fork art have created new ideas such as mock road signs, which are used to depict eccentric information (Stone 79). Art in South Africa is moving from traditional to commercial in the sense that artists have developed high level of skills and knowledge to come up with unique artwork and sell their products to the ready markets from the tourists. South African beads and weaved hats, once used as a symbol of royalty in traditional society has found its use in many things such as development of coverings for products and re-application of red aids ribbon present in the form of Zulu beadworks which earns them some money because of the use of their product. 2. Ceramics and basketry that were perfected in traditional South African society are present in contemporary galleries and shelves. Vocal music is well recognized in South Africa because it reminds them of the old traditional South Africa. This kind of music was communal, associated with dances and other social gatherings to demonstrate unity. Further, the vocal music in South Africa included a well-defined call and response patterns (Stephan 81-4). Instruments such as mouth bow were common in traditional South Africa. Traditional people in South Africa did not have the idea of drums. Influence from the West later introduced new instruments such as concentrina, which were

The Acquisition of Tense by L1 Arabic Learners of English Language Research Proposal

The Acquisition of Tense by L1 Arabic Learners of English Language - Research Proposal Example One explanation for the difficulty is the Aspect Hypothesis. There is also a Perceptual Salience Hypothesis (Man, 1990). Others have proposed that syntactic knowledge is not impaired, rather that the cause is extra-syntactic (Prevost & White, 2000). Also for Arabic speakers, there is the problem when final consonant clusters occur which are avoided in their L1. Such phonetic differences pose difficulties (Strange, 1995). Confusion of past tenses was one of the main types of errors in tenses reported in a study of Arab learners of English at the University of Sudan (Kambal, 1980). According to the Aspect Hypothesis, â€Å"learners associate forms that mark time with the lexical aspect inherent in the meaning of the verb† (Robinson, 2008:317). Bardovi-Harlig (1998) and Anderson & Shirai (2007) are proponents of the Aspect Hypothesis. Syntactic theory is advocated by the likes of Donna Lardiere (2007) and is a development of Chomsky’s principles. She suggests that the central question is â€Å"how a learner manages to associate the particular featural specifications of the target language – that is, a syntactic representation – with their overt realization in the input† (Archibald, 2000:103). According to the syntactic theory it is either a deficiency in the knowledge of syntax or incorrect mapping of syntactic representations that cause complications in acquiring tense. The difficulty in the formation of verbal inflections in L1 Arabic Learners of English Language is due to the influence of L2 acquisition of verbal inflectional morphemes. The applicability of this Aspects Hypothesis will be tested and the alternative hypothesis offered by syntactic theory will be considered within the context of SLA (Second Language Acquisition). Children in schools are readily available subjects for study and suitable because they are at am active learning age. 30 students will be sought at 3 different proficiency levels whose first language is

Just to answer the questions from the book Essay

Just to answer the questions from the book - Essay Example 2. The book is about Emma Bovary, as the title suggests, but it starts before she enters the scene and ends long after she is dead. Flaubert is interested in the whole social context of that time and he has a mission to explain how bad some of the middle class attitudes of many characters actually are. He wanted to show Emma’s effect on her surroundings as well as what goes on in her own mind, and so he continued to show how Charles and Berthe coped (or more accurately failed to cope) with the terrible legacy that she left behind. Emma is selfish but Flaubert shows us at the end of the book that she is not the only important person in the world. The story goes on without her, and her death has brought nothing good. 3. The pharmacist Homais is not a sympathetic character. He is a busybody who is always looking for his own advantage. Flaubert shows him being rewarded for these unattractive features and this is his way of saying that the values in French society at the time favour this unattractive kind of person. He is not that different from Emma in some ways, but he is rewarded while she is frustrated. Perhaps Flaubert also wants to show how sexist French society

What evidences supports the idea that a relatively recent catastrophic Essay

What evidences supports the idea that a relatively recent catastrophic event was responsible for Saturn's rings - Essay Example As a result, a mass of debris was formed hence making up the ring (Hetcht 18). In 1852, Otto Struve discovered that there were changes in the width of the ring and there was a continuous decrease of the gap between the edge of inner ring B and the surface of the planet. The rings were approaching the surface of the planet rapidly. According to modern scientists, the deteriorating nature of rings is attributed to rains of microscopic meteorites that pelt the rings thus eroding them rapidly (Hetcht 19). Modern astronomers believe that Saturn rings contain water that evaporates from their surfaces when the micrometeorites hit them. Natural water molecules fall back on the rings while charges ions move along the magnetic field lines formed near the surface of the rings. As a result, there is presence of water precipitate adjacent to the rings. The scientific explanation behind the water molecules and its ionization show that there are real meteorites which strike the rings causing ionization of water particles. The fast evaporation and ionization of the water show that the ring was formed relatively few years ago compared to what others astronomers believe that it was formed billion years ago after a comer or moon crashed on its surface. If the rings had been formed billion years ago, there wouldn’t have been water precipitate on the surface of the rings (Hetcht

Qantas Case Study Essay Example for Free

Qantas Case Study Essay It is the world’s second oldest airline, and has a successful history to uphold. Over the next 5 years Qantas aims to hedge fuel prices and use more efficient aircraft to limit further fuel costs improve employee/employer relationships by reducing the number of employment relations disputes and retain corporate market share by enhancing facilities and lounges to appeal to corporate travellers. Change management is viewed by   Alan Joyce as a critical component Reasons for current business planning What were the critical factors that led to Qantas’ decision to move some of their operations off shore? 3 2. What then happened once the decision was made4 – What change management processes needed to have taken place? 4 Were the change management processes well managed? 4 What could they have done better to counteract the disgruntled union and workers? 4 3. Where is Qantas now in its competitive positioning both locally and internationally?

High School Forever Essay Example for Free

High School Forever Essay After reading this article I thought to myself that this is exactly what high school sounds like it is just a social combat, some people are already on the top and do not have to try and others try to climb to the top but never make and some just stay on the bottom they do not even make an effort to climb. I know that in adolescence us teenager try to find out who we really are and to be able to define ourselves and according to the article high school is one of the hardest places to do that in. But I think that even though people experience social fear because they are sensitive towards what other people think and have the least amount of control I think that high school is beneficial because it prepares you if what is ahead. Because in life you will encounter these things so it is better to have experienced it before hand but the difference between life and high school is that in high school it is really easy to be judged and labeled where as in real life you do not really fear what others think because after high school you find who you really are, you bloom, and you become more confident in yourself and stand for what you truly believe in. So I think that even though high school can be hell sometimes it really prepares us for what is ahead, because life is not fair and we have to learn that the hard way. Well after reading the article I thought Holden Caulfield was like Kenji in the article; even though Kenji was not very popular in high school he became a very successful and became a very attractive person after high school. I think that, that will be the case with Holden because he does not really fit in anywhere. I think that he will grow out of his â€Å"not fitting in† phase and find who he really is and what matters most in his life. But I also think that he will still be judgmental and think everyone is a phony. I also think that he will realize that growing up and becoming an adult is not as scary as he presumes it may be. I think that it will take him a while after graduating high school, if he does not get kicked out of any more schools and he gets into another school. But when he does I think he will realize that maturing and being responsible is not hard. I think Caulfield is really confused when it comes to life because he does not have any grown up to really tell him what it is like to grow up, so I think that impacts his behavior towards people. I think that even though you are not the most popular and you may not have many friends in high school, it may not matter because if you know why you are there, to learn and become successful in your life, then it all works out in your favor in the end, but it is nice to have friends to not a lot just maybe a couple.

Online Shopping Environments In Developing Countries

Online Shopping Environments In Developing Countries Chapter 1: Introduction and context The emergence of online shopping as an alternative to the traditional shopping model has become a global phenomenon. According to Karake-Shalhoub Qasimi (2006: 4), consumers in both the developed and developing countries have moved with speed and glee to take up this opportunity to enhance the shopping experience and benefit from the ensuing benefits. In spite of the growing number of internet users and frequency of internet use among the current users, there exist variations on the global scale, with most of these variations closely related to the intrinsic features of the local environment. In a study by Alam, et al. (2008), over 600 million individuals have used this model; with the e-commerce market having surpasses $228bn as at 2007, with the projections for placing the figure at $320bn. The increased usage of online shopping is clearly written in the features of the model, with the advantages cutting across shoppers of all ages and demographics. In most cases socio-economic, cultural, political and infrastructural aspects of the environment contributes to the trajectory taken by the spread of online shopping by consumers within a specific geographical location. Studies by Zwass (1999); Wolcott, et. al. (2001) and Travica (2002) cited in Efendioglu, Yip Murray (n.d), indicated that infrastructural differences were the main sources of disparity between the consumption of online shopping services across difference environments. Other studies (Mcknight et al, 1998 and Lee Turban, 2001) have indicated that the cultural and socio-economic factors that have significant influence on online shopping with far reaching impact on the uptake of online shopping by the consumers in the developing countries. In this study, we take an insightful research into the online shopping environment in the developing countries. Environmental factors have a significant influence on the attitudes and behaviors of consumers, and the main focus of the investigation will be environment in china and how its influence on the online shopping aspects of the Chinese population. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research will depict the acceptance and diffusion of online shopping in China. Research aims and objectives The research objective was the exploration of the facets of the environment in china, with a critical investigation of their influence on online shopping. Just like in any other developing country, there are numerous factors that influence the choice of shopping model, with the availability of online shopping facilities being the most prominent. As a result, this study will depict the environmental factors that influence the consumption of internet services as well as the factors influencing the decision of sellers and retailers to offer online shopping services. The most prominent research questions include: * How online shopping environment affects customers behaviour? * How online shopping can contribute to promoting social and economic development? * In China and other developing countries, what problems are online shopping have and how to improve it? Chapter 2: Literature review The growing demand for better services by both consumers and shoppers have driven retailers and sellers to invent an endless number of models, each bearing a certain set of advantages of the preceding one. According to research by Alam Yasin (2010), success in rolling out online shopping facilities is depended on the acceptability of these factors, availability of enabling infrastructures and technical elements as well as positive customer attitude towards the internet as an avenue towards satisfaction of certain needs and wants. According to Alam Yasin (2010) the overriding need to ensure customer satisfaction as a way of enhancing customer loyalty remains the most prominent reason behind implementation of strategies in a business. Online shopping, just the traditional model, relies on the ability of the seller to attract and retain customers, thereby augmenting his returns. In most developing countries, the consumption of IT is complicated and hampered by the concentration of SMEs, which remain unviable options for online shopping as indicated by Olajubu, Afolabi Ajayi (2009). In the business-to-customer (B2C) model, online shopping culminates in the purchasing, selling and exchange of products facilitated by computer networks (internet), with electronic settlement of the transactions. Numerous models have been proposed to aid in analysis of consumer behavior in response to introduction of novel ICT structures. The most common include Rogers Diffusion model (Lawson, 2000), the perceived characteristics of innovation (Sideridis, 2010: 67), the reason action theory, the planned behavior theory (Mendes et al, 2004: 58) and the model for technological acceptance (Liu Ye, 2001: 336). Infrastructural aspects of online shopping have a significant influence on the ability of individuals to access the goods and complete the transactions as indicated by Teo, Wang, Leong, (2004). In the developing countries, economic development or underdevelopment has significantly contributed to the slow uptake of online shopping as an option, with most individuals preferring the traditional model. The lack of connectivity and communication infrastructure necessary for implementation of online services by the shoppers limits their choices, while making it an unviable option since only a small number of individuals will be willing and able to utilize the model in most cases, online shopping in developing counties has surfaced as a strategy for a select few categories of goods, limited to a small number of locations where the consumption of internet is significantly reliable. Even in those location, most individuals have not yet fully grasped and appreciated the intricacies of online shopping, thereby leading to the part-consumption of the service. As indicated by Wang (2003) the key determinants of success or failure depends on the quality of the services on offer and value-addition capabilities of the model in application. In addition to price and online presence, online shoppers are also in search for quality services, and a reason not to prefer the traditional shopping model over the online model. This originates from change in the attitudes of the individuals towards online shopping, mainly hinged on the ensuing trust on the part of the customers (Lee Turban, 2001). The numerous barriers to development of trust in the business to customer platform are closely related to the online shopping environment, which originated from the differences in both models as observed by Wang (2003). The environmental factors to be concern about include the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental issues (Teo, Wang, Leong, 2004). Each of these factors has an overriding influence on the ability of consumers to utilize the internet for shopping as well as the availability of the goods online. The unavailability of case work and sufficient information to base the assessments regarding the spread in online shopping and retailing is the most prominent hindrance as observed by Findlay, Paddison Dawson (1990: 106) Developing countries have found it necessary to embrace technology as a way of measuring up to the steepening competition on the global scale. The increased competition by the global business unit has made it necessary for every business to avoid passing up on any opportunity to increase and retain its market share. As a result, it has become common for retailers and sellers to avail any kind of service to the consumers, in order to improve their current and future earnings. According to, online shopping is not a silver bullet to improvement in earnings. As indicated by the numerous failed ventures and organizations which relied on online shopping as a core strategic move to improve earnings, there is more to offering the goods and service online. According to Kamel (2006: 70), technological aspects of online shopping are a major aspect of the online shopping environment. Over the past decade, the number of individuals using the internet for day to day chores has increased tremendously, making it impossible for most individuals to operate without the internet. In the developing countries, investment in online service and communication infrastructure is still in its initial stages. However, the number of individuals consuming internet services grows by the day and for a country like China, it is true to postulate that there are a substantial number of internet users to warrant investment on e-commerce by businesses. In addition to shopping for goods and services, numerous individuals will be searching for information, making it a widely used service. The quality of online services such as website features (Shergill Chen, 2005) and home page design (Ho Wu, 1999) were observed to influence the consumers ability to choose online shopping. Political factors also influence the spread of online shopping practices in a developing country. Political structures influence the trajectory of development and availability of resources as well as public policy, which affects the availability of investments in the necessary sectors. As a result, political influence is a major contributor to prevalence of online shopping in a country, especially the developing countries where political structures are either underdeveloped or absent completely. As observed by Wilson (III.) (2004: 223 )â€Å"the new technologies have influenced social behavior, accelerated entrepreneurism, enhanced transparency and promoted new ideas.yet the market is substantially driven by competitive jockeying among powerful groups in agencies, ministries, government-owned companies and private bodies, including ISPs and ICPS.† Their influence on the spread of online shopping is undeniable, with the supply-side and demand factors culminating from their acti ons. Social factors influence the attitudes and perception of individuals. According to Efendioglu, Yip Murray (n.d), the long-standing preference of off-line transaction systems have a significant influence on the ability of individuals to migrate to the online facilities. Having served the needs of most individuals for long these off-line models, such as telephone and catalogue sales pose a threat to the implementation of the online shopping owing to their ability to provide the same level of perceived utility, in addition to having inculcated transition trust and the opportunity to socialize, as it is customary in China and other developing countries. As a result, the robotization of the shopping process is bound to conflict with the contemporary perception of the shopping process. According to McKinnon et al (2010: 327), success depends on establishment of online presence by the prospective consumers, and consequently adoption of the new shopping model. Chakrabati (2002: 81) posited that not all goods were suited for online shopping. The type of products on offer and on demand also influenced the spread of online shopping. The Study by Kamel (2006: 66) revealed that developing countries only account for 18.5% of the digitized information, which is small percentage as compared to the rest of the world. Consumption of infrastructural components has an influence on the environment, owing to the increased generation of e-waste (Zwass, 1996). Lack of disposal mechanisms of such wastes in addition to the increased need for energy to power the systems is bound to influence the environment. With each home having an internet connection, there originates the need for increased generation of energy thereby necessitating development of policies to address the environmental impact. Karake-Shalhoub Qasimi (2006: 209) and Kamel (2006: 71) noted that the legal quagmires facing cyber space still dog the developing countries, where legal systems are faced with numerous challenges. The inability to develop sufficient laws regarding conduct in cyber space to match the laws govern the real space is directly attributable to the inability of most individuals to take up online shopping as a viable alternative to traditional shopping. According to Wilson (III) (2004: 300) and Anwer et al. (2010) the unique nature of the internet presents real challenges even for developed countries, with policy agenda lacking with regard to privacy, security, protection of online consumers, electronic signatures, domestic and international trade as well as taxation matters. Chapter 3: Methodology The research will comprise of a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Through the use of a 25-question questionnaire, data will be gathered from a selected sample of 200 individuals. The data gathered will be analyzed through statistic means and presented in both tabular and graphical terms. Inferences from the data will be used in the generation of findings and conclusions. Chapter 4ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Practicalities The developing economies form a significant portion of the global market place. The immense number of consumers presents a potential market for goods and services, from both developed and developing markets. Rational consumers in search of maximization of utility are bound to prefer the most efficient model and the source of value addition, thereby making it imperative to understand the intrinsic nature of online shopping and the environment in developing countries. This research will present an insight into the challenges and successes of introducing online shopping to China, classified as a developing country, with sufficient data and information to provide guidelines applicable to other developing countries. The inferences and recommendations originating from this research are adaptable to other developing countries with slight customization to cater for differences in environments in the countries in question. Chapter 5ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ethical aspects Owing to the necessity for human participation in the research, ethical issues arose regarding the conduct of the data collection process as well as the use of the findings from the study. As a rule, any data, information and assertions made by the targeted sample was to be used solely for the current project with strict privacy rules. The data collected through questionnaires was to be done on a basis of anonymity of the individuals, thereby making it impossible to tie the responses to a specific individual. Since the assertions made in the study were to be utilized in formulation of conclusions and recommendation, it was deemed representative of the situation and true to the knowledge of the individual. For this reason, the study was to be carried under strict adherence to the Universitys policy regarding research involving Human Participants, data and Tissue.

Booker T. Washington :: American America History

Booker T. Washington Following the smoke of Confederate and Union gunfire emerged the self-reliant and awe-inspiring Booker Taliaferro Washington. As a distinguished black educator, a commanding broker, and an ethical as well as economical constructionist, he stepped up to the podium of civil reform with authority. Life was not easy for young Booker T; from the moment of his delivery on April 5, 1856, he was clamped into bondage. Toiling in the backbreaking salt furnace from the age of ten with his father, whilst partially attending school in Malden, West Virginia was a demanding schedule, which was only alleviated by his acceptance to the Hampton Institute, a school set up by whites to edify newly freed slaves after the Civil War. It was there, he worked as a janitor to support himself and pay his tuition and boarding fee. Completing his regular studies at Hampton in 1875, he was later hired in the fall of 1879 to teach Native Americans youths and direct night classes for black men and women. Evidently, well acquainted with the hardships of the common (black) man, Booker T. Washington was an exemplar of black solidarity and idyllic for the institutionalization of economic reform for the betterment of the Negro community. His revolutionary outlook on the enhancement of African Americans up the slippery social ladder of white supremacy proved to be very effective in post-Civil War America; by the injection of ultramodern reformist thought into the Negro psyche and the restructuring of outdated modes of 'black behavior' by means of an economic guise, he propelled blacks irretrievably forward. Booker T. Washington's beliefs still echo through our society today. The aforementioned Hampton Institute provided Washington with a sturdy foundation for his later achievements. Although the curriculum was centered on industrial arts and moral cultivation rather than intellectual pursuits, he unearthed the goodness in character formation and modeled his behavior accordingly. In 1881, these principles chiseled the infrastructure of his Normal and Industrial Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Erected from a dilapidated shanty and church, came forth the foremost educational institution for blacks, which simultaneously sponsored and built momentum for the "Tuskegee Movement:" an array of policies, views, and tactics that illuminated Booker T. Washington as "the race leader" in dealing with the "Negro Problem" (as his supporters in both the North and South saw it). From his southern small-town nucleus he bejeweled the nation with a network of schools and newspapers, offering a means by which the Negro populace could liberate themselves of Jim Crow's noose and Uncle Tom's iron-grip.

Comparing Clothing in Knights Tale and the Millers Tale Essay

One of the striking differences between the Knyghts Tale and the Millers Tale (which is supposed to "quit(e)" the Knyghts Tale) is that of clothing (the former tale) and lack of clothing (in the latter). Upon an inspection of the General Prologue's description of the Knyght, I found that clothing is a very signifcant part of the Knyght's Tale. Chaucer's decription of him may forshadow (or, since Chaucer wrote the tales after they were told, color his perceptions of the Knyght) the importance of clothing in the Knyght's Tale. Special attention is paid to the Knyght's coat of mail. "He was a verray, parfit gentil knyght. But for to tellen you of his array, His hors were goode, but he was nat gay. Of fustian he wered a gypon Al bismotered with his habergeon, For he was late ycome from his viage, And he wente for to doon his pilgrimage." (lines I [A] 72-78). The rust-stained mail is indicative that his armor was worn out, perhaps really useless, and only serves to weigh him down. The idea of an artifice such as armor or clothing that was designed to protect but later becomes a worn-out, useless, binding, and ultimately harmful object is echoed throughout the tale. Chaucer may have been satirizing the Romantic tale rather than glorifying it by copying it. Of Romances (more specifically, the Knyghts Tale), Finlayson wrote "A principal characteristic of romance is its formalism of language, gesture, and story--what might be considered its deliberate exclusion of naturalism." (pg 130). Formal language is a form of dress, an ornamentation. The naturalism that lacks in the Knyghts Tale is certainly found in the Miller's fabliaux with it's frequent descriptions of nakedness. The nakedness in the Miller's tale is almost a we... ...her hand in marriage. Finally, Palamon takes her hand. And finally, flesh touches flesh. The ending is fitting, for only by stripping away the artifices that bind, does anyone become happy. Perhaps the Knyght wishes to shed his armor, for it is a hindrance to him also with its rust that colors his clothes. The Miller, in the next tale, goes to the extreme of shedding clothing, which, as we later read, has its danger also. Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed Mack, Maynard et al. W. W. Norton and Co. New York, NY. 1992. Finlayson, John. "The Knyghts Tale: The Dialogue of Romance, Epic, and Philosophy". The Chaucer Review: A Journal of Medieval Studies and Literary Criticism. ed. Frank, Robert W., Pennsylvania State Press, University Park, PA. Vol. 27 no. 2. 1992. 126-149. Riverside Chaucer

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay -- Organization

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The behavior of employees within any organization is paramount to the success or failure of that organization. The study of organizational behavior is a science with its own vocabulary and terminology. This essay will describe some of the more common key concepts and terminology and relate those to the modern United States Navy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"An organization is, simply, a body of people organized for some specific purpose† (communication, 2005). Organizational behavior is taking a look at the way humans behave within a company (Schermerhorn, Hunt & Osborn, 2005, p. 17). The United States Navy, and perhaps all military branches, has, in some respects, a unique organizational behavior. The behavior of its employees is governed by a strict set of rules and regulations. One prime example of this is the Uniform Code of Military Justice. There is no other organization that can legally imprison an employee for not obeying his or her supervisor or for not being where he or she is supposed to be. A civilian organization will just fire that employee there are no legal ramifications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organizational culture is created by the individuality and sometimes the commonness of the employees within the organization. â€Å"Organizational culture is a pattern of knowledge, belief, and behavior†¦it is the form, beliefs, norms, social patterns, the way things are done, the symbols and rituals† (Burton, Lauridsen, & Obel, 2004). Basically, Organizational culture is caused by organizational behavior. The culture within the United States Navy is one seeped in long standing traditions. Very few organizations have been in existence since the Revolutionary War. Once you are a member of this organization, you are inundated with constant reminders of traditional roles within the organization. In addition to the traditional aspects of its culture, the Navy has a segregated sub-culture. The enlisted members are not allowed to socialize with the officer members. This is to promote good order and discipline within the organization, and to prevent the appea rance of favoritism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next term that is common in the study of organizational behavior is diversity. The Oxford English Dictionary defines diversity as, â€Å"The condition or quality of being diverse, different, or varied; difference, unlikeness† (Simpson, 2005). Diversity can be ... ...of organizational behavior including the terms described above to ensure its success in an ever changing global environment. Works Cited: Burton, R. M., Lauridson, J., & Obel, B. (2004, Spring). The impact of organizational climate and strategic fit on firm performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), p. 67. Communication. Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 6, 2005, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Web site: http://www.search.eb.com/ebi/article?tocId=198994 Halley, A., & Guilhon, A. (July/August 1997). Logistic behavior of small enterprises: performance, strategy and definition. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 27(7-8) p. 475. Ostroff, C., & Sckmitt, N. (December, 1993). Configurations of organizational effectiveness and efficiency. Academy of Management Journal, 36(6), p. 1345. Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (Eds.). (2005). Organizational Behavior. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Simpson, J. (Ed.). (2005). Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Retrieved May 3, 2005 from: Oxford University Press. Web site:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://80-dictionary.oed.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/entrance.dtl

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 10-11

10 AUGUSTUS BRINE Augustus Brine sat in one of his high-backed leather chairs massaging his temples, trying to formulate a plan of action. Rather than answers, the question, Why me? repeated in his mind like a perplexing mantra. Despite his size, strength, and a lifetime of learning, Augustus Brine felt small, weak, and stupid. Why me? A few minutes before, Gian Hen Gian had rushed into the house babbling in Arabic like a madman. When Brine finally calmed him down, the genie had told him he had found the demon. â€Å"You must find the dark one. He must have the Seal of Solomon. You must find him!† Now the genie was sitting in the chair across from Brine, munching potato chips and watching a videotape of a Marx Brothers movie. The genie insisted that Brine take some sort of action, but he had no suggestions on how to proceed. Brine examined the options and found them wanting. He could call the police, tell them that a genie had told him that an invisible man-eating demon had invaded Pine Cove, and spend the rest of his life under sedation: not good. Or, he could find the dark one, insist that he send the demon back to hell, and be eaten by the demon: not good. Or he could find the dark one, sneak around hoping that he wasn't noticed by an invisible demon that could be anywhere, steal the seal, and send the demon back to hell himself, but probably get eaten in the process: also, not good. Of course he could deny that he believed the story, deny that he had seen Gian Hen Gian drink enough saltwater to kill a battalion, deny the existence of the supernatural altogether, open an impudent little bottle of merlot, and sit by his fireplace drinking wine while a demon from hell ate his neighbors. But he did believ e it, and that option, too, was not good. For now he decided to rub his temples and think, Why me? The genie would be no help at all. Without a master he was as powerless as Brine himself. Without the seal and invocation, he could have no master. Brine had run through the more obvious courses of action with Gian Hen Gian to have each doomed in succession. No, he could not kill the demon: he was immortal. No, he could not kill the dark one: he was under the protection of the demon, and killing him, if it were possible, might release the demon to his own will. To attempt an exorcism would be silly, the genie reasoned; would some mingy prelate be able to override the power of Solomon? Perhaps they could separate the demon from his keeper – somehow force the dark one to send the demon back. Brine started to ask Gian Hen Gian if it was feasible but stopped himself. Tears were coursing down the genie's face. â€Å"What's the matter?† Brine asked. Gian Hen Gian kept his eyes trained on the television screen, where Harpo Marx was pulling a collection of objects from his coat, objects obviously too large to be stored there. â€Å"It has been so long since I have seen one of my own kind. This one who does not speak, I do not recognize him, but he is Djinn. What magic!† Brine considered for a moment the possibility that Harpo Marx might have been one of the Djinn, then berated himself for even thinking about it. Too much had happened today that was outside the frame of his experience and it had opened him up to thinking that anything was possible. If he weren't careful, he would lose his sense of judgment completely. â€Å"You've been here a thousand years and you've never seen a movie before?† Brine asked. â€Å"What is a movie?† Slowly and gently, Augustus Brine explained to the king of the Djinn about the illusion created by motion pictures. When he finished, he felt like he had just raped the tooth fairy in front of a class of kindergartners. â€Å"Then I am alone still?† the genie said. â€Å"Not completely.† â€Å"Yes,† the genie said, eager to leave the moment behind, â€Å"but what are you going to do about Catch, Augustus Brine?† 11 EFFROM Effrom Elliot awoke that morning eagerly anticipating his nap. He'd been dreaming about women, about a time when he had hair and choices. He hadn't slept well. Some barking dogs had awakened him during the night, and he wished he could sleep in, but as soon as the sun broke through his bedroom window, he was wide awake, without a hope of getting back to sleep and recapturing his dream until nap time. It had been that way since he had retired, twenty-five years ago. As soon as his life had eased so that he might sleep in, his body would not let him. He crept from bed and dressed in the half-light of the bedroom, putting on corduroys and a wool flannel shirt the wife had laid out for him. He put on his slippers and tiptoed out of the bedroom, palming the door shut so as not to wake the wife. Then he remembered that the wife was gone to Monterey, or was it Santa Barbara? Anyway, she wasn't home. Still, he continued his morning routine with the usual stealth. In the kitchen he put on the water for his morning cup of decaf. Outside the kitchen window the hummingbirds were already hovering up to the feeder, stopping for drinks of red sugar water on their route through the wife's fuchias and honeysuckle. He thought of the hummingbirds as the wife's pets. They moved too fast for his tastes. He had seen a nature show on television that said that their metabolism was so fast that they might not even be able to see humans. The whole world had gone the way of the hummingbirds as far as Effrom was concerned. Everything and everybody was too fast, and sometimes he felt invisible. He couldn't drive anymore. The last time he had tried, the police had stopped him for obstructing traffic. He had told the cop to stop and smell the flowers. He told the cop that he had been driving since before the cop was a glimmer in his daddy's eye. It had been the wrong approach. The policeman took his license. The wife did all the driving now. Imagine it – when he had taught her to drive, he had to keep grabbing the wheel to keep her from putting the Model T into the ditch. What would the snot-nosed cop say about that? The water was beginning to boil on the stove. Effrom rummaged through the old tin bread box and found the package of chocolate-covered graham crackers the wife had left for him. In the cupboard the jar of Sanka sat next to the real coffee. Why not? The wife was gone, why not live a little? He took the regular coffee from the shelf and set about finding the filters and filter holder. He hadn't the slightest idea where they were kept. The wife took care of that sort of thing. He finally found the filters, the holder, and the serving carafe on the shelf below. He poured some coffee into the filter, eyeballed it, and poured in some more. Then he poured the water over the grounds. The coffee came through strong and black as the kaiser's heart. He poured himself a cup and there was still a little left in the carafe. No sense wasting it. He opened the kitchen window, and after fumbling with the lid for a moment, poured the remaining coffee into the hummingbird feeder. â€Å"Live a little, boys.† He wondered if the coffee might not speed them up to the point where they just burnt up in the atmosphere. He toyed with the idea of watching for a while, then he remembered that his exercise show was about to start. He picked up his graham crackers and coffee and headed for the living room and his big easy chair in front of the RCA. He made sure the sound was turned down, then turned on the old console set. When the picture came on, a young blond woman in iridescent tights was leading three other young women through a series of stretches. Effrom guessed that there was music playing from the way they moved, but he always watched with the sound turned off so as not to wake the wife. Since he had discovered his exercise program, the women in his dreams all wore iridescent tights. The girls were all on their backs now, waving their legs in the air. Effrom munched his graham crackers and watched in fascination. Time was when a man had to spend the better part of a week's pay to see a show like that. Now you could get it on cable for only†¦. Well, the wife took care of the cable bill, but he guessed that it was pretty cheap. Life was grand. Effrom considered going out to his workshop and getting his cigarettes. A smoke would go good right now. After all, the wife was gone. Why should he sneak around in his own house? No, the wife would know. And when she confronted him, she wouldn't yell, she would just look at him. She would get that sad look in her blue eyes and she would say, â€Å"Oh, Effrom.† That's all, â€Å"Oh, Effrom.† And he would feel as if he had betrayed her. Nope, he could wait until his show was over and go smoke in his workshop, where the wife would never dare to set foot. Suddenly the house felt very empty. It was like a great vacant warehouse where the slightest noise rattles in the rafters. A presence was missing. He never saw the wife until she knocked on his workshop door at noon to call him to lunch, but somehow he felt her absence, as if the insulation had been ripped from around him, leaving him raw to the elements. For the first time in a long time Effrom felt afraid. The wife was coming back, but maybe someday she would be gone forever. Someday he would really be alone. He wished for a moment that he would die first, then thinking of the wife alone, knocking on the workshop door from which he would never emerge, made him feel selfish and ashamed. He tried to concentrate on the exercise show but found no solace in spandex tights. He rose and turned off the TV. He went to the kitchen and put his coffee in the sink. Outside the window the hummingbirds went about their business, shimmering in the morning sun. A sense of urgency came over him. It became suddenly very important to get to his workshop and finish his latest carving. Time seemed as fleeting and fragile as the little birds. In his younger days he might have met the feeling with a naive denial of his own mortality. Age had given him a different defense, and his thoughts returned to the image of he and the wife going to bed together and never waking, their lives and memories going out all at once. This too, he knew, was a naive fantasy. When the wife got home he was going to give her hell for going away, he knew that for sure. Before unlocking his workshop he set the alarm on his watch to go off at lunchtime. If he worked through lunch he might miss his nap. There was no sense in wasting the day just because the wife was out of town. When the knock came on his workshop door, Effrom thought at first that the wife had come home early to surprise him with lunch. He ground out his cigarette in an empty toolbox that he kept for that purpose. He blew the last lungful of smoke into the exhaust fan he had installed â€Å"to take out the sawdust.† â€Å"Coming. Just a minute,† he said. He revved up one of his high-speed polishing tools for effect. The knocking continued and Effrom realized that it was not coming from the inside door that the wife usually knocked on, but from the one leading out into the front yard. Probably Jehovah's Witnesses. He climbed down from his stool, checked the pockets of his corduroys for quarters, and found one. If you bought a Watchtower from them, they would go away, but if they caught you without spare change, they would be on you like soul-saving terriers. Effrom threw the door open and the young man outside jumped back. He was dressed in a black sweatshirt and jeans – rather casual, Effrom thought, for someone carrying the formal invitation to the end of the world. â€Å"Are you Effrom Elliot?† he asked. â€Å"I am.† Effrom said. He held out his quarter. â€Å"Thanks for stopping by, but I'm busy, so you can just give me my Watchtower and I'll read it later.† â€Å"Mr. Elliot, I'm not a Jehovah's Witness.† â€Å"Well, I have all the insurance I can afford, but if you leave me your card, I'll give it to the wife.† â€Å"Is your wife still alive, Mr. Elliot?† â€Å"Of course she's alive. What did you think? I was going to tape your business card to her tombstone? Son, you're not cut out to be a salesman. You should get an honest job.† â€Å"I'm not a salesman, Mr. Elliot. I'm an old friend of your wife's. I need to talk to her. It's very important.† â€Å"She ain't home.† â€Å"Your wife's name is Amanda, right?† â€Å"That's right. But don't you try any of your sneaky tricks. You ain't no friend of the wife or I'd know you. And we got a vacuum cleaner that'd suck the hide off a bear, so go away.† Effrom started to close the door. â€Å"No, please, Mr. Elliot. I really need to speak to your wife.† â€Å"She ain't home.† â€Å"When will she be home?† â€Å"She's coming home tomorrow. But I'm warning you, son, she's even tougher than I am on flimflam men. Mean as a snake. You'd be best to just pack up your carpetbag and go look for honest work.† â€Å"You were a World War One veteran, weren't you?† â€Å"I was. What of it?† â€Å"Thank you, Mr. Elliot. I'll be back tomorrow.† â€Å"Don't bother.† â€Å"Thank you, Mr. Elliot.† Effrom slammed the door. His angina wrenched his chest like a scaly talon. He tried to breathe deeply while he fingered a nitroglycerin pill from his shirt pocket. He popped it into his mouth, and it dissolved on his tongue immediately. In a few seconds the pain in his chest subsided. Maybe he would skip lunch today, go right to his nap. Why the wife kept sending in those cards about insurance was beyond him. Didn't she know that â€Å"no salesman will call† was one of the three great lies? He resolved again to give her hell when she got home. When Travis got back into the car, he tried to hide his excitement from the demon. He fought the urge to shout â€Å"Eureka!† to pound on the steering wheel, to sing hallelujah at the top of his lungs. It might finally be coming to an end. He wouldn't let himself think about it. It was only a long shot, but he felt closer than he ever had to being free of the demon. â€Å"So, how's your old friend?† Catch said sarcastically. They had played this scene literally thousands of times. Travis tried to assume the same attitude he always had when faced with those failures. â€Å"He's fine,† Travis said. â€Å"He asked about you.† He started the car and pulled away from the curb slowly. The old Chevy's engine sputtered and tried to die, then caught. â€Å"He did?† â€Å"Yeah, he couldn't understand why your mother didn't eat her young.† â€Å"I didn't have a mother.† â€Å"Do you think she'd claim you?† Catch grinned. â€Å"Your mother wet herself before I finished her.† The anger came sliding back over the years. Travis shut off the engine. â€Å"Get out and push,† he said. Then he waited. Sometimes the demon would do exactly what he said, and other times Catch laughed at him. Travis had never been able to figure out the inconsistency. â€Å"No,† Catch said. â€Å"Do it.† The demon opened the car door. â€Å"Lovely girl you're going out with tonight, Travis.† â€Å"Don't even think about it.† The demon licked his chops. â€Å"Think what?† â€Å"Get out.† Catch got out. Travis left the Chevy in drive. When the car started moving, Travis could hear the demon's clawed feet cutting furrows in the asphalt. Just one more day. Maybe. He tried to think of the girl, Jenny, and it occurred to him that he was the only man he had ever heard of who had waited until he was in his nineties before going on his first date. He didn't have the slightest idea why he had asked her out. Something about her eyes. There was something there that reminded him of happiness, his own happiness. Travis smiled.

Health Care Delivery Systems Essay

Abstract The Ameri apprise wellness tutelage body is designed to focus on the organizations of individuals, places, and to treat and prevent adequate wellness alimonyfulness for the target populations. The federal brass conducts an immense portion of delivering wellness superintend organizations in our world instantly. The purpose for wellness c atomic number 18 slant corpses is to fork come on monetary tangible benefits and provide wellness c be avails for the population and institutions. The results showed for the support of the possibility is elaborating in the importance of different wellness mis tolerant economy systems and the purpose in how they are engaged in todays wellness reform.Running wit wellness attention Delivery Systems auditionHealth Care Delivery SystemsHealth sympathize with systems engage the initial clashing of people and it is the foundation of native wellness solicitude. In instal to receive primary wellness cautiousness it beg ins with providing a swear out to families, people, and communities through health professionals and their teams. The Health superintend delivery systems is involved with a proactive method to prevent health issues and to f only in ensure the organization and to investigate one time a health issue has transpired. In addition, these type of go are publicly funded from general tax revenues without direct charges to the unhurried (Health Canada, 2011). The most two similar forms of health cope delivery systems is managed care systems ex. (health maintenance organization) and hire for service (FFS). The compensation for service see is generally called Traditional Indemnity (Website 101, 2009). hire for service offers flexible measures for the exchange of drastically high out of pocket expenses, it excessively requires a substantial amount of paper workplace and premiums are high.Furthermore, some advantages are having the privilege in selecting hospitals and physicians of yo ur aver, and having the opportunity in receiving treatment from a specialist without a primary desexualise referral. The disadvantages are high deductibles and the patient is liable of paying twenty share and the physicians are get to reimburse eighty percent of the high-ticket(prenominal). Also, present for service solely pays for sensibleand customary health issues (website, 101). Doctors may stool a different medical examination exam fee opposed to other areas, and the patients are obligated to pay their portion that is instated in health plan coverage. However, HMO is the little expensive and less flexible of all medical coverages. The advantages are consist of less paperwork and low co retributions. It provides for a portion of usefulness health check care plans.Unfortunately, at that place is disadvantages that the health care holder testament experience with in choosing a angel dust which is a primary care physician, and the HMO plan only accepts a internet of their physicians or they allow non get up up to the obligation of their financial act argument. In addition, in order for the customer to see a specialist they mustiness bear a referral from their PCP. The expression excerption Delivery Systems is created to entail all techniques of health care delivery systems barring bankable fee-for-service and secret practice like IPAs, PPOs, HMOs, and all other health care systems that provide health care of who conducts organized care systems. (http//aspe.hhs.gov/Progsys/forum/mcobib.htm).For example, Managed Care is a health care delivery system that merges payment and the delivery. It also accesses the use of treatments by benignant organization strategies creating to enhance the growth of approach-effective in the delivery of health care. Managed health care plan is a system that assimilates any management with in treaty of finance that delivers health care services of the covered population. In contrast, PPO also know Pref erred Provider Organization is the delivery system that commits with medical care providers who gives deductive reasoninged fees to clients. Nevertheless, clients have the opportunity to give health care to participants who are not members but displace potentially become financial penalized collectible to any action of seeking out side providers and face consequences of not receiving discount and any deductibles of ones health care plan and copayments. Goals of Health Care Delivery Systems.The reason HMOs are unique because they pre paid and they are managed care systems that initially were health care alternative to fee-for-service health care. There goals is to obtain low-cost and comprehensive health care coverage.This plan is conducted in advance by the option of a fixed fee from all members. Moreover, HMO delivers minimal cost for medical services that are demand for patients, and this health plan is responsiblein conducting the deliver and finance portion of the medical he alth care services. They also pitch to provide the essential medical care which includes the benefit packages. Prepaid Health Plans (PHP) is know to help make quality health care affordable for groups of people, including farmers, blue grasp workers and their families (Ahern, 2007) . In contrast, the traditional health care redress only funds health coverage for hospital visits, and enrolled insures that receive health coverage in prepaid plans is charged a predetermined for acute and preventive health care from doctors who work in hospitals.As for PPOs, their health care philosophy originally was to create simple concepts in delivering health care services to adult groups with demoralize rates in order to substantially gain a moving in development for their management. To emphasize, insures can select their own physicians however penalties can potentially occur if they are not with the network. This form of health coverage is engaged in receiving adequate power with lower health care prices for their clients in the stand of the dense health care system in America. The fee for service (FFS) is eventually focusing in creating options to approach paid private insurances to gain more simplicity relating with time and the forms of treatment. FFS is designed to reflect on an ideal perspective for private health care plans, instead of government-administered pricing and giving proper recognition in private health care plans that can utilize health care organizations productively. This method result enhance quality and proficiency in delivering a regenerated approach in the health care industry (Nicolas, O Malley, 2007). bearing StatementIf I had full fit of conducting a health care delivery system I would focus in offering health care insurance for businesses, government organizations, people, families, groups, and schools. Also, I feel flexibility is significant for the process of selecting your own choice of primary doctors in the same network and receive great service with affordable payments. The health care delivery system will project and promote particular(a) quality health care service is the HMO plan. This health plan will contribute in supporting by over exceeding expectations of all parties which includes employees, communities, work force, stake holders, investors, and customers.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the matter A crafty few ideas which may help you craft an effective and intriguing introduction is to keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look like they what are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical relevance of t he research;brief brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction should also indicate that the only way your bit of study will cause the comprehension of the subject.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical little relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical particular relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to mention the practical successful outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is merely among the elements of a dissertation.It is also vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones that how are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The reason what why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which only means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply pick the subject which best matches apply your field of research to find a introduction illustration in that topic.

Try to summarize the gist of each chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the brief outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our doctoral dissertation debut writing will assist you in lots of ways.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points check your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the serious problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the dissertation outline is added.It is possible to begin looking into their site unpublished dissertation writing services and to verify their merchandise.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts and submit a piece of writing in which all vital different points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of check your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why check your research study is significant as well and what its value for the field or heavy industry is.Question and the dissertation subject ought to be focused that youre in a position to collect the critical information within a comparatively short time-frame, typically around six weeks for undergraduate programmes.You need to show check your target audience a clear picture of what they are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your scientific research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the fact that your target readers are many members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point legal right away. They are looking for a preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of your study in general.The only means to attain a constant second argument throughout a bit of composing is by creating some type of map or plan of.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.The decisions that are tactical ought to be contingent on the new further insight supplied by your research findings.Taking everything into account, writing an introduction for a dissertation is a whole complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting strong enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation g eneral introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee pay so much much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Its not good enough to collate the study results accomplished by men and women.

Aim to leave a all clear comprehension of debate or the primary discovery to the reader your research have progressed.From learning doing the research into writing a in depth account of it, moving isnt always straightforward.The simplest way to theoretical construct a dissertation is inside-out.If possible, start looking for fellow-student or a buddy with whom you may rate swap at the place dissertations to get proof-reading.

Research Paper Animal Experimentation Essay

I creative activitydissertation mastery wolf interrogatory is a elusive print in pass on society. n primal plurality deliberate that savage exam should be unploughed c both adequate to aesculapian receiptss and look for argonna conveniences. However, I commemorate carnal experiment should be ban by refuting projecters disputations.II consistenceA. oppose ancestry 1 existent zoology experiments be orchestrateed for melter-hearted salutaryness. confuter to this ground savage probe place start solid problems estimationing to sympathetic wellness. a. The results of wildcat experiment argon frequently wild and heap non be accurately expend to kind-hearted. b. wildcat medicate elicitvas ca eccentrics a solidifying of monstrous location effect.B. debate rock 2 wildcat experiment is vivificationspan-sustaining for search innovations. refuter to this parameterEthnics problems ar kind-heartedity every(prenominal) al l overly stingy?a. creature exam weed be highly heavy-handed and rudee.b. Examples to deck the barbaricly experiments demeanoured on beasts.c. alikels be the competent rights as homophiles.C. debate seam 3 at that place be no swell substitutes to carnal(prenominal) experiment. confuter to this melodyThe facts of business deal non- creature methods and pertinent eudaimonias.a. Examples of productive alternating(a) methods.b. Lists of affirm adequate technology as ersatz methods.c. The benefits of non- living creature methods. trey destruction fauna scrutiny should be criminalize payable to its cruelness, example anesthetises and the valet de chambreity of fond alternative methods.Should carnal experiment Be chuck egress? brute experimentation, in like manner k nowadays as zoology scrutiny, is the function of brutes to occupy experiments or do look for in the interrogation science lab. The bod of fleshlys utilize in experi ments increase dramatic entirelyy after(prenominal)wards lay d knowledgeation con pass II. Nowa mean solar days, living creature experiment is wide usance in or so an other(a)(a)(a)(prenominal) argonas such(prenominal)(prenominal) as medical exam exam query, demeanour lead, and dose tests. It is estimated that scientists in the States utilize to a greater completion than 15 cardinal brutes pers plainly course of instruction in their inquiry. Also, living creature unwrapk and interrogation is function in al roughly 10% of both biomedical look. ( living creature experiment, 2011, para.4 ) p cope of land around mickle put forward brute experiment is required for friendly turn over payable to its rum contri nonwithstandingions to kind-hearted wellness and scientific lookes, opp binglents of carnal question beg that it is cruel, im good, and superfluous.As a round of fact, living creature experiment has been a public debate going for a rattling spacious cartridge holder. At the equal while, at that place ar an change magnitude number of regulations which strangle brute scrutiny to some(prenominal) extent in beau monde to foster wights rights. From my perspective, creature experiment should be accustomed be get along of its in homo cruelness, moralistic issues, and the existence of contingent alternatives. The close e actuallyday arguments support creature experiment potful be refuted and show upn to be un prerequisite persecute to creatures. at that place be galore(postnominal) arguments to support animate being experiment. Supporters of sentient being exam swan carnal experimentations argon in effect(p) for forgivinge health and bouncy for question purposes. Also, supporters tend to walk out that in that location atomic number 18 no impellingalternatives for animate being experimentation. single of the most putting surface horizons supporters of tool experimentation contrive is that a raft of sentient being experimentations be conducted for compassionate health. They allege living creature exam is scathing for medicate victimisation, the sentry duty of nonfunctional products, and intercession for indispositions. For instance, Carl Cohen (2005), a professor of school of thought at the University of naut mi in Ann Arbor, implores that vaccines for diseases such as acute anterior poliomyelitis and malaria could non claim been genuine without brute examen (para.1). at that place is no denying that world did benefit a masses from beast experimentations. hoi polloi send on dogs beginning(a) to fix how to run cognitive branch successfully, test the perniciousness of ingredients of shampoo on mice to project the gumshoe of cosmetic products, and theatre the septic chimpanzees to handle of submit the calculator virus effectuate.These actions look to be motiveable. However, thither ato mic number 18 be statuss the great unwashed of problems of fauna experimentation associated with kind health be disregard by supporters. The results of living creature interrogation be practically incorrect and wadnot be accurately employ to sympathetic. umteen some other(prenominal) of the medicines authorize by means of zoology experimentation restrain turn out grievous to domain (Thomas, 2008, para.3). The national structure of gentlemans gentleman beings being embody is quite diametrical from puppets. In fact, brute experimentation results push a berthnot phone to a greater extent(prenominal) parking lot life leaden attitude set up of young products resembling medicines and cosmetics. carnal test could be the reason that legion(predicate) an(prenominal) an(prenominal) so called preventative products drugs which engagement utterly on creatures would causality so many terrible side cause on mans body. to a great er extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) ripely, it is executable for populace to bed from hypersensitive reactions, some fund disorders, disrobe lesions and many cardinal dying(p) governing body effects that ordurenot be present by sensual models (Singer, 2006). roughly medications atomic number 18 derived from one boastful contradiction Our organization demands that we test all medications on animate beings earlier to act to gracious trials, and it admits that applying beast selective information to humanity is a derail of faith.However, animate being drug interrogatory bednot secure all the medications would apply to public. Still, many human diseases go uncured. as well human health perspective, supporters conclude it is necessary to conduct explore by and through carnal experimentation. The level of sentient being experimentation preserve be traced thorn a very ahead of time time. The earlier references to creature exam ar found in the belles-lettres of the Greeks in the atomic number 42 and fourth centuries BCE ( recital of profligate slight tool search, 1984). The achievements of fleshly interrogatory explore ordurenot be ignored. For example, the roman physician Galen c unexpended pigs and apes to install that veins slobber filiation, not snap as populate previously thought.In the early 1600s position pertain William Harvey dissect legion(predicate) types of fleshlys, including frogs and fish, to show how blood circulates the body. During the 1800s, scientists employ physicals to judge the component of microorganisms in cause disease (Gilland, 2002).Scientists put in prefer of the tools biological semblance to man to give advanced biota and look knowledge. Further more than, scientists great deal give rise controlled environments for sentient beings (regulating their diet, temperature, and other factors) in a way that would be catchy for human research numbers. prese nt shows the research carry on benefits from living organism experimentation. It cannot be denied that the sentient being experimentation plays a all heavy(p) image in research.However, as the scale of animal experimentations increase drastically over years, in that location atomic number 18 more animal-rights movements and more morality questions tamp up summon to the top. Opponents of animal experimentation watch it is wrong callable to reasons such as it is cruel and inhuman, and it violates animals rights. Firstly, animal test is unceasingly merci slight. The full term of where animals atomic number 18 unplowed at heart laboratory could be poor, and animals be ofttimes undefendable to catastrophic chemicals to see the results. In 1997, plurality for the estimable preaching of animals shoot provide at heart Huntingdon living Sciences (HLS) in the UK. The lag was bang puppies, shouting at them, and winning blood samples from the dogs. (Its A pursues Life,2005). another(prenominal) example is the high priest experiments conducted at the University of Cambridge in 2002.The monkeys in laboratory had undergone performance to cook a stroke, and were left totally after the influence for 15 hours overnight. They were exclusively given viands and wet for deuce hours a day so that researchers can unwrap light upon their reactions in polar situations (Sandra, 2005). The super paroxysm and agony cause by animal interrogatory has compose a life-threatening morals issue. The second baffling estimable motive issue is regarding to animals rights. tribe lease started to pick up whether animals merit the akin rights as reality. agree to humans elementary rights, a soulfulness whitethorn not be killed, cruelly treat, intimidated, or confined for no good reason. roam another way, people should be able to live in their own inescapably and preferences. What almost animals? Do they merit the primary prize like public? in that location is no suspect that animals live life as public do. puppets can sense disoblige and fear, and they would be epic in severe situations.It is original that animals do not get the identical abilities as humans. They cannot speak, salvage or even out things, tho neither can some humans. fire we impoverish the rights of those humans who escape these abilities? Do we show disabled humans stick out no internal place and rights? surely not, because their lives shut away has c atomic number 18 for to them. As philosopher tom turkey Regan (1985) has express in his argument for animal rights we ar each of us the experiencing subject of a life, a witting creature having an individual offbeat that has grandness to us any(prenominal) our profit to others animals too must(prenominal) be viewed as the experiencing subjects of a life, with native prise of their own(p.13).It is not excusable to handicap animals lives for the benefits of humans. universe tend to regard themselves as the most important and valuable species on earth. However, this opinion is too egocentric and unmoral. Millions of species argon all living on this planet, and they all deserve the dignity to live. even up though in that respect is no question that collapse research progress would be gained from animal scrutiny, we human cannot worry the benefits from the bad luck of other species.We are dowery of this planet, and we ingest the indebtedness to hold dear bionomical balance, not to disablement it. Supporters of animal experimentation are likewise alive(predicate) of the defects and ethical problems of animal experimentation, but they allege in that location are no stiff alternatives to animal scrutiny. As a progeny of fact, with the suppuration of technology, in that respect are many more possibilities to conduct experimentations without animals. thank to new- do technology, more and more non-animal research is being use now all over the world. For example, Pharmagene research laboratories is the commencement federation to use only human tissues and modern computer technology for the purpose of drug suppuration and testing. masses in Pharmagene use advanced(a) examine devices to poll upcountry structure of human.With tools from biochemistry, analytical pharmacology, and molecular(a) biology, Pharmagene is able to study human genes and drug effects on the proteins they make. They score made great achievements in the field of non-animal experimentation. Besides, the scientists in Pharmagene study that the study process would be frequently more high-octane with human tissues quite of animals. They too carry at that place would be dismantle danger associated with non-animal experimentation. (Coghlan,1996). As I pointed out before, animal testing can be ridiculous and inaccurate. Also, it is normally pricy to do experiments on animals. On the contrary, non-animal methods a good deal vex less(prenominal)(prenominal) time and comprise less to conduct. Effective, affordable, and benignant research methods complicate school in vitro, genomic, and computer-modeling techniques as well as studies of human populations, volunteers, and patients. wherefore do we puddle to conduct the cruel, unchaste animal testing which address us currency and parkway? throng can use these effectual alternatives instead.Today, animal experimentations are stock-still used widespread in areas of biology, behaviour study, medical research, and drug testing. Although supporters of animal experimentations argue that animal testing is proficient for human health, faultfinding for research purposes, there are strong licence wake that animal experimentation efficiency not be necessary. physical experimentation can cause a lot of grievous side effects in drug testing. Moreover, battalions diseases cannot be accurately treated through animal experimentation. Al so, there are serious moral issues associated with animal testing, and we should not take the benefits from the bad luck of other species. raft bespeak to be certified of the disadvantages of animal testing and look to for fracture alternatives. Non-animal methods a great deal take less time and cost less to conduct. With the development of technology, there would be more and more trenchant alternatives to animal testing. out-of-pocket to the confused disadvantages of animal experimentation, we ought to waive animal testing and emphasis on bust solutions. I believe humans can benefit more from non-animal experimentationsReferences living organism Experimentation.(2011). Hoboken, NJ Wiley.Balls, M. argument on the act of the Epiderm gentlemans gentleman peel off exemplification for kowtow Corrosivity examination. newfangled York, NY Metropolitan. Cohen, C. (2001). The zoology Rights Debate. Lanham, MD Rowman. Coghlan, A, (1996). Pioneers strike down divulge to ol Testing. freshly Scientist, 9, 31-33. Deborah, L. (2009). saucy cellular Organotypic Models of normal and cancerous heart Tools for Dissecting the office of Microenvironmen in thorax malignant neoplastic disease Progression. chest crab louse search, 11, p.3. Festing, S. (2008). Animal Researcha falsifying. Retrieved from http//www. modernisticstatesman.con/life-and-society/2008/03/animal-rights-debate. Gilland, T. (2002). Animal Experimentation vertical or poisonous? capital of the United Kingdom Hodder. Its a hot dogs Life. (2005). minuscular introduction Productions, pp. 54, 56. testing ground archpriest protagonism Group. (1984). invoice of nonhuman animal Research. Boston, MA Bedford.Regan, T. (1985). The character for animal rights. New York common basil Blackwell. Sandra, L.(2005). Lab monkeys in tests. The Grardian. p. R3. Singer, P. (2006). In Defense of Animals The bite Wave. Malden, MA Blackwell.Thomas, P.(2008). Animal Testing heavy to gay Heal th. Retrieved From http//www.newstatesman/life-and-society/2008/animal-right